Table of the roman gods and goddesses
Roman God Sphere of Operation | Name | M/F | Misc. Data |
Abundance | Copia | ♀ | |
Abundance | Porus | ♂ | |
Abundance | Volumnus | ♂ | |
Action | Agenor | ♂ | |
Aids in strenuous work; also healing | Strenia | ♀ | Old Sabine goddess; temple on the Via Sacra; also oversees distribution of new year's gifts |
Aids the weary | Fessonia | ♀ | |
Boundaries | Terminus | ♂ | Very old and important deity; his festival, the Terminalia, was in February; landowners sacrificed at the boundary stones of their property |
Civic: spirit of the Palatine | Palatua | ♀ | Identified with Pales |
Civic: welfare of the state | Salus | ♀ | |
Commerce, Weights, and Measures | Castor & Pollux | ♂ | Greek imports but very important and ubiquitous |
Communications; doors; the harbor | Portunus; Portumnus | ♂ | Appears in the Aeneid |
Council; good advice | Consus | ♂ | |
Death | Tarpeia | ♀ | |
Death: funerals | Larenta | ♀ | |
Death: funerals | Libitina | ♀ | Register of the dead is kept at her temples |
Death: funerals | Naenia | ♀ | Especially funerals of the aged |
Death: power over life and death | Genita-Mana | ♀ | Name means "Birth-Death" |
Discord | Ate, Discordia | ♀ | Daughter of Nox, goddess of evil, exiled from Olympus by Jove; sister of Nemesis, the Parcae, and Death |
Disease | Verminus | ♂ | Name means "wormy" |
Disease: fever | Febris | ♀ | |
Disease: stenches that produce illness: swamps and sewer | Mefitis | ♀ | |
Disease: the itch | Scabies | ♀ | |
Doors; beginnings and endings; | Janus | ♂ | Major deity; see Terminus, Portunus |
Emotion: Alarm | Pavor | ♂ | Child of Mars |
Emotion: dispels mental anguish | Volupia | ♀ | |
Emotion: family harmony | Verplaca | ♀ | Families reconciled at her temple on the Palatine |
Emotion: fear | Pallor | ♀ | Child of Mars |
Emotion: inspiration | Stimula | ♀ | |
Excrement | Caca | ♀ | Ministered to by the Vestals |
Fertility | Nerio | ♀ | Consort of Mars; old Sabine goddess |
Flowers | Flora | ♀ | Gave magic flower to Juno so she could conceive Mars without a father; joyful Floralia in March w/ theater, games |
Food | Edesia | ♀ | |
Food: apples | Pomona | ♀ | Entire month of September was sacred to her; festival participants decked out in flowers |
Food: baking | Fornax | ♀ | "Oven"; festival of the Fornacalia celebrated in February; also call the "Festival of the Stupid" |
Food: beverages | Bibesia | ♀ | |
Food: fruit, abundance of | Frutesca | ♀ | |
Food: honey | Mellona | ♀ | |
Food: the grindstone | Molae | ♀ | Daughter of Mars; Worshipped by millers |
Fraud and deception | Fraus | ♀ | A young woman with hidden deformities and a snake's tail; daughter of Orcus and Nox |
Healing | Caia Caecilia | ♀ | Deified mortal princess Tanaquil |
Healing | Meditrina | ♀ | Sister of Hygeia, daughter of Aesculapius; restored health, whereas Hygeia preserved health; festival in October |
Healing | Minerva Medica | ♀ | Goddess of physicians; Greek Athena |
Healing | Valentia | ♀ | Umbrian town of Oriculum |
Healing: especially of poison | Angitia | ♀ | Sister of Circe and Medea; sacred grove on Lake Fuscinus where both poisonous snakes and medicinal herbs were found |
Healing; prophecy; water: river god | Clitumnus | ♂ | Umbrian |
Highway bandits | Furrina | ♀ | Festival at the end of June |
Home: hinges | Cluerca or Carda | ♀ | Originally a nymph and virgin huntress; fooled would-be suitors by sending them ahead of her into a cave and then disappearing; couldn't fool Janus who could see in both directions; he made her a goddess |
Home: lintels | Limentinus | ♂ | |
Home: thresholds | Forculus | ♂ | |
Home: Weaving | Lina | ♀ | |
Horses | Epona | ♀ | |
Industry and Silence | Agenoria | ♀ | |
Journeys | Adeona | ♀ | |
Kindness, good will, the Etruscan federation | Voltumna | ♀ | |
Landscape: groves | Nemestrinus | ♂ | Mentioned only by Arbonius |
Landscape: hills and downs | Collatina | ♀ | |
Landscape: nature | Sylvanus | ♂ | Frightening deity, sometimes beneficent |
Landscape: old nature god | Picus | ♂ | Son of Saturn; Father of Sylvanus; So beautiful all who saw him fell in love; "woodpecker" |
Landscape: the earth | Tellumo | ♀ | Very old god |
Landscape: trees, orchards, woods | Feronia | ♀ | Goddess who tames what is wild; frees slaves |
Landscapes: the valleys | Vallonia | ♀ | |
Lares, Mother of, wife of Mercury | Lara | ♀ | Mother by Jupiter; an Etruscan goddess |
Luck | Bonus Eventus | ♀ | Affected single events, not the course of a life |
Marriage | Jugatinus | ♂ | Also mountain ridges |
Marriage: brings the bride into the house | Domitius; Domidius | ♂ | |
Marriage: courtship | Juga | ♀ | |
Marriage: Honeymoon | Subigus | ♂ | Tutelary god of the wedding night |
Marriage: honeymoon; loosens the bride's girdle | Cinxia | ♀ | |
Marriage: keeps the couple together | Manturnae | ♀ | |
Marriage: mutual Love and tenderness | Anteros | ♂ | |
Mediator between gods and humans | Soranus | ♂ | Health, purification, savage, ecstatic rites |
Money | Pecunia | ♀ | |
Money: metal coins | Aesculanus | ♂ | |
Monster | Cacus | ♂ | Three-headed, fire-breathing monster killed by Hercules in fight over some of Geryon's cattle |
Monster | Volta | ♂ | Volsciian monster; depicted in Etruscan art as daemonic entity with wolf's head |
Moon | Luna | ♀ | |
Night | Noctornus | ♂ | Perhaps same as Vesper or Nox |
Numbers | Numeria | ♀ | |
Nymph | Carmenta | ♀ | Mother of the Camenae; aka Postverta |
Nymph | Egeria | ♀ | A Camena |
Oaths | Fidius Dius; Sanctus Saber; Semipater | ♂ | |
Oaths | Semo Sancus | ♂ | Old Latin deity; see Fides in Virtues & Personifications |
Openings of roads and towns | Panda | ♀ | |
Persuasion | Suadela | ♀ | |
Pleasure: Beauty | Hora | ♀ | |
Pleasure: Coition | Perfica | ♀ | |
Pleasure: Laziness | Mercia | ♀ | |
Pleasure: Leisure and Repose | Vacuna | ♀ | Festival in December |
Pleasure: Lust | Libentina | ♀ | |
Pleasure: Night life | Comus | ♂ | |
Pleasure: Sensuality | Voluptas | ♀ | |
Prayer | Peta | ♀ | |
Protectress of things purified by ritual | Lua | ♀ | Wife of Saturn |
Protects from enemies, drives them away | Pellonia | ♀ | |
Protects from evil, envy, black magic, demons, illness | Fascinus | ♂ | |
Punishment | Poena | ♀ | |
Reputation, rumor | Fama | ♀ | A troublesome goddess, mixes truth and falsehood |
Sewers | Cloacina | ♀ | "The Purifier" |
Silence (or change) | Muta / Tacita | ♀ | |
Singing | Camoena | ♀ | |
Slavery: freedom and manumission | Libertas | ♀ | Cats are dear to her |
Stars: Morning star | Lucifer | M/F | |
Thieves and Impostors | Laverna | ♀ | Had an altar and sanctuary grove on the Aventine where thieves hid and prayed to her for the appearance of honesty |
Time: the cycling year | Anna Perenna | ♀ | Ovid tells of how she was go-between when Mars wooed Nerio; substituted herself, an old crone, for Nerio at the assignation; festival on Ides of March at which people drank as many glasses of wine as years they wished to live |
Time: the future | Antevorta | ♀ | |
Time: the month of March | Mamurius Veturius | ♂ | "The old man of March," expelled during the March festival |
Time: the past | Postvorta | ♀ | |
Time: the seasons; ruler of trade and produce | Vertumnus | ♂ | Connection to the seasons may be spurious; husband of Pomona; festival in October |
Time: winter solstice; also suffering and silence | Angerona | ♀ | |
Tolerance and Mercy | Clementia | ♀ | |
Travel: Protects ocean voyagers; also goddess of the dawn; aids in childbirth | Mater Mutata | ♀ | Matralia (summer solstice) in July where women acted out the role of the goddess |
Underworld | Veiovis; Vediovis | ♂ | Not really like Pluto |
Underworld: Ghosts | Mania | ♀ | Grandmother of Ghosts; probably Etruscan; sacrificed to with poppy heads and garlic |
Underworld; protected internal organs; white magic; protected the exterior of houses | Carna | ♀ | also protected the state; quelled evil or traitorous thoughts; a virgin deified after Janus violated her; festival in June when bacon and beans were consumed |
Unknown | Hersilia | ♀ | Sabine wife of Romulus, deified by Juno |
Unknown | Falacer | ♂ | Deified Italic hero; had an established priesthood and temple in Rome; absolutely nothing is known about him |
Unknown | Feretris | ♂ | |
Unknown | Lapis | ? | "Stone" |
Unknown | Larenta | ♀ | May have been the she-wolf who suckled Romulus and Remus; may have been goddess of prostitutes |
Virginity | Daphne | ♀ | |
Voice, disembodied | Aius Locutius | ? | Divine voice that warned Rome that the Gauls were attacking; chapel and altar on the Via Nova |
Voice, disembodied | Canens | ♀ | Wife of Picus, mother of Faunus; after Circe transformed Picus into a woodpecker, Canens called his name until she wasted away to just a voice |
War; sister of Mars | Bellona | ♀ | Carried a whip; snakes for hair; initiated war by pitching a spear into the enemy country; temple had no doors; spear thrown over the column of war; priests mutilated selves, offered blood; festival in June w/ races between boys and men |
Water | Neverita | ♀ | Wife of Neptune |
Water: Albula, a sulfurous river; a grove goddess residing in a spring at Tibur | Albunea | ♀ | Prophetic; Varro calls her a sibyl; "the white" |
Water: hot springs of Abona | Abonius | ♂ | |
Water: ocean deeps | Salacia | ♀ | Wife of Neptune |
Water: ocean shallows | Venelia | ♀ | Wife of Neptune |
Water: springs | Fons | ♀ | Her festival, the Fontinalia, in October when the springs begin to flow again after the summer heat |
Water: springs | Juturna | ♀ | A Camena; lover of Janus |
Water: the Tiber | Volturnus | ♂ | aka Tiberinus |
Weather: lightning | Fulgora | ♀ | |
Weather: Nocturnal thunderstorms | Summanus | ♂ | |
Women: menstruation | Fluonia | ♀ | |
Women: protects virginity | Pertunda | ♀ | |
Youth, young men of Rome | Juventas | ♂ |